The point of the contractile vacuole is to pump water out of the cell through a process called osmoregulation, the regulation of osmotic pressure. It occurs in freshwater protists, but mainly in the kingdom Protista as a whole.
Answer:
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Thick myosin filaments of muscle are associated with the characteristics of contractility.
Explanation:
The muscle contractility is provided mainly the thick and the thin muscle filaments. Thick muscle filaments are constituted by the contractile protein, myosin. Thin filament is composed of actin.
Owing to its thickness, myosin protein is made up of six chains of polypeptides with four lighter (molecular mass is low) ones and two heavier (molecular mass is high) ones.
The two heavier polypeptide chains twist together like two twisted golf clubs and forms a coiled-rod like structure. This coiled structure looks like a two stranded double helix.
The globular heads point out from the main body in each coiled structure and adheres with the head of the actin filaments. The tails made up of lighter chains point towards the M lines of the sarcomere.
During muscle contraction, the myosin head will attach with its myosin-binding site.
Answer: Option A) Clade
Explanation:
A clade refers to a group of animals or other organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor species. It could have taken several millions of years since the first ancestor lived.
Examples of clade include
- all the birds descended from a common ancestor specie
- all apes descended from a common ancestor specie.
Also, a clade is best identified using a phylogenetic tree.
