Question

Kinase enzymes ______

Answer 1

Answer:

4..add phosphate groups.

Explanation:

Kinases are the enzymes which are responsible for causing phosphorylation of the target molecule by adding a phosphate group on them from ATP/GTP. The phosphorylation of the target molecule may either cause up regulation or down regulation of the target molecule so we can say that kinases play an important role in modulating the activity of physiological processes in our body. Kinases play a very important role in cellular signaling.

For example: The phosphorylation of enzyme known as glycogen synthase by another enzyme known as GSK - 3β leads to it's activation and up regulates glycogen synthesis (Glycogenesis) while phosphorylation of enzyme GSK - 3β by Akt leads to it's inactivation leading to down regulation of glycogen synthesis.

Answer 2

Answer:

Option D (4), add phosphate groups

Explanation:

Kinase enzymes are responsible for cellular activation. Protein kinase causes phosphorylation of specific amino acids by utilizing ATP as source of phosphate.

It adds phosphate groups (PO43−) and induces biological activity of biomolecules (such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) by changing their conformation thereby activating them .

Human genome consists of several hundreds of kinase encoding genes which are involved in multiple phosphorylation reactions with in the cytoplasm of cells.  

Hence, Option D (4) is correct