Answer:
1a. a word or group of words containing a noun and functioning in a sentence as subject, object, or prepositional object.
1b. Thing expressions are basically things with modifiers. Fair as things can act as subjects, objects, and prepositional objects, so can thing expressions. Additionally, thing expressions can moreover work in a sentence as descriptive words, participles, infinitives, and prepositional or supreme expressions. The modifier can come some time recently or after the thing.
1c. determiners, adjective phrases, noun adjuncts, attributive adjectives.
1d. The head or nucleus of a phrase is the word that determines the syntactic category of that phrase.
Have a family conference and ask for more time together. I think when things get that difficult I usually have everyone sit down and talk about things like that. And ask what I can do to help and do the best I can to do it. I understand that he may not take feelings into consideration though.
The answer is: Dad says i'm as stubborn as a mule.
hope this helps!