When an atom transfers/ gains a valence electron, it gains either a positive or negative charge. in the Proces, becoming an ion. because of the negative/positive charge the two ions are now attracted to each other.
The term "lipid" does not specify a particular chemical structure. Whereas one can write a general formula for an amino acid, nucleic acid, or protein, lipids are much more chemically diverse. Compounds are categorized as lipids based on their greater solubility in organic solvents than in water.
Answer:
An important cell cycle control mechanism activated during this period (G1 Checkpoint) ensures that everything is ready for DNA synthesis. ... DNA replication occurs during this S (synthesis) phase. Gap 2 (G2): During the gap between DNA synthesis and mitosis, the cell will continue to grow and produce new proteins.
Explanation:
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As electrons move along the chain, hydrogen ion are pumped from the stroma of the chloroplast into thylakoid lumen. these leads to creation of proton gradient in thylakoid lumen with the potential energy that will be used to synthesize ATP by enzyme ATPase in the process referred to as rotational catalysis. both chloroplast and mitochondria use electron transport chain to pump protons across the membrane and both enzyme ATPase to produce ATP using proton gradient created in the process of transport of hydrogen ions. the main existing between the electron transport chains of chloroplast and mitochondria is the initial source of energy. chloroplasts obtain their energy from sunlight whereas mitochondria obtain theirs from organic molecules.
