Answer:
<u><em>Initiation</em></u>
Explanation:
The first part of translation is initiation. So first an initiator tRNA molecule binds to a start codon in the mRNA. And then more tRNA's with amino acids attach to the mRNA strand according to the codons on the strand. Then the process continues.
The 3 checkpoints include G1 where the cell growth is checked, G2 where the integrity of the DNA/chromosome is checked, and M where the integrity of the metaphase plate is checked.
<h3>Cell cycle checkpoints</h3>
There are 3 regulatory checkpoints in the life cycle of cells:
- G1: the size of the cell, the presence of growth factors, and the integrity of the DNA are checked before the cell irreversibly commits to division.
- G2: the integrity of the DNA and the correctness of the replication process at the S-phase are checked.
- M: correct attachment of the spindle fibers to the chromosomes at the metaphase plate is checked.
More on cell cycle checkpoints can be found here: brainly.com/question/2128300
Explanation:
Since Charles found that the volume is directly proportional to temperature when the mass and pressure remain constant this means that with increase in temperature, there will be increase in volume.
Mathematically, 
at constant Pressure
This equation represents the relationship in Charles' law.
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. I would assume that the energy in the other direction would be an action.. though I'm not entirely sure. I hope it helps.
