Answer:
It has become the opposing form of government to a monarchy and has therefore no monarch as head of state. Most often a republic is a single sovereign state, but there are also sub-sovereign state entities that are referred to as republics, or that have governments that are described as republican.
Explanation:
The conflict between Henry IV and Gregory VII Concerned the question of who got to appoint local church officials. Henry believe that, asking, he has the right to a point the bishop of the German church. This was known as lag investiture.
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The correct answer is A, Confederalism is NOT part of the Constitution.
A) using an earlier case as a guide.