I am not sure but I think it's c or d. I think the answer is d but I'm not sure so don't take my word for it.
Can you attach the entire article because it may be either A or D?
The prefix is "ad-" meaning "increase"
Since astute means someone is very sharp and perceptive, I would say astute has a positive connotation.
Hope this helps! :)
C. Brainstorming; brainstorming literally means writing down your thoughts