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Cooperation is a positive social motive. It is equally significant as competition in motivating a person to reach the goal. Cooperation alongwith competition provides a very healthy signal for the upliftment of the Society.Cooperation is a positive social motive. It is equally significant as competition in motivating a person to reach the goal. Cooperation alongwith competition provides a very healthy signal for the upliftment of the Society.
Various studies have been conducted by sociologists, social psychologists and anthropologists on the effect of cooperation as a social motive. Usually two primary factors determine cooperation. They are, age of the subjects and kinds of material available.
Particularly in case of children of 2-3 years age, cooperation is mostly expressed in play. Ross found that children of 2-3 years of age showed cooperative behaviour more frequently when playing with clay than when playing with blocks.
General observation of children in play ground and school indicate that cooperative play is essential most clearly among the children who were 3 years of age and older. Experimental studies of competition and cooperation develop simultaneously and approximately at about the same age, i.e. after three years of age.
Crawford’s (1937) study on the cooperative behaviour of Chimpanzees is worth mentioning here. Crawford gave three problems to the Chimpanzees. These three problems required the cooperative effort of at least two Chimpanzees for their solution. A single Chimpanzee could not solve any of these problems alone without the help of another Chimpanzee. The Chimpanzees were given to do the tasks alone as well as in pairs.
Results showed that when the animals worked in pairs they could pull a heavier box than what it could when it was in the lone situation. The most interesting observation from this experiment was that Chimpanzees could not learn to cooperate i.e. they could not pull the two boxes at the same time.....
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