- DNA contains four types of nitrogenous bases. One of these bases is

How do cells release Energy in the process of cellular respiration

White raven [17]

Answer:

Explanation:

There are two types of respiration:

1. Aerobic respiration

2. Anaerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration

It is the breakdown of glucose molecule in the presence of oxygen to yield large amount of energy. Water and carbon dioxide are also produced as a byproduct.

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + 38ATP

Anaerobic Respiration

It is the breakdown of glucose molecule in the absence of oxygen and produce small amount of energy. Alcohol or lactic acid and carbon dioxide are also produced as byproducts.

Glucose→ lactic acid/alcohol + 2ATP + carbon dioxide

This process use respiratory electron transport chain as electron acceptor instead of oxygen. It is mostly occur in prokaryotes. Its main advantage is that it produce energy (ATP) very quickly as compared to aerobic respiration

6 0

4 years ago

In humans, the ABO blood type is under the control of autosomal multiple alleles.

tamaranim1 [39]

Ok, colour blindness and blood type are independently assorting traits, that means that having one does not affect having the other, the question even tells you that the traits are on different chromosomes.

To answer your question we'll have to calculate the probability of both traits in the child and then multiply them together to get the overall probability of both being present in the child. 

Let's start with blood type: there are four types of blood type: AB, A, B and O. Blood type is determined by what protein each chromosome codes for: so if one chromosome is I^A and codes for A type protein, while the other is I^B and codes for B type protein, then the overall blood type will be AB. O blood type is recessive, it doesn't code for any protein at all and is given the symbol i. 

Since both parents are type A and their first child is type O, you know that both parents are heterozygous for blood type A, meaning that one chromosome they have is I^A and the other is type or or i. For a child to be blood type O, each parent has to give their type O chromosome to the child. There is a 1/2 chance that one parent will give the recessive O chromosome, so for both parents to give their recessive allele the probability is 1/2 * 1/2 = 1/4 

Colour blindness is an X-linked condition, that means that women can be carriers but not manifest the colour blindness because they have one "good" X chromosome which masks the recessive colourblindness gene on the other X. The father cannot have a colourblindness gene or else he'd be colourblind himself, since he's only got 1 X-chromosome. Because dad has healthy eyesight, any girls he has will have healthy eyesight too, since his X will always be healthy and mask the X from mom if she happens to give the recessive colourblind gene. So the probability that the girl will have normal vision is 1/1. 

However, it is not a given that the baby born will be a girl, there's a 50/50 chance that it'll be one or the other sex, so we need to consider the probability involved with the child being a girl. this probability is 1/2. 

So now we multiply all our probabilities together to calculate what the chances of a normal visioned, type O blood typed girl is: 

Normal vision (1) * blood type O (1/4) * girl baby (1/2) = 1/8 

So your probability is 1/8! 

Hope this helps :)

4 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

A. Determine the surface area, volume, and surface area to volume ratio for the following three blocks. Then, state which one yo

insens350 [35]

Explanation:

In a cell, the rate of diffusion is higher when the surface area to volume ratio is higher.

- given that a cube or block has 6 sides...

Volume ⇒ 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm= 3.375 $cm^{3}$

Surface area ⇒ (1.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm) x 6=13.5 $cm^{2}$

Surface area :Volume ⇒ $\frac{13.5}{3.75}$ = 1:4

Volume ⇒.5 cm x .5 cm x 6 cm= 1.50 $cm^{3}$

Surface area ⇒(2 (.5 cm x .5 cm)) + (4(.5 cm x 6 cm))= 0.5+12 = 12.5 $cm^{2}$

Surface area :Volume ⇒ $\frac{12.5}{1.5}$ = 25: 3

Volume ⇒3 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm= 12 $cm^{3}$

Surface area ⇒(2 (3 cm x 3 cm ))+(4(3 cm x 2 cm))=42 $cm^{2}$

Surface area :Volume ⇒ $\frac{42}{12}$ = 7:2

The highest ratio is said to be the most efficient; with a higher surface area, more substances can pass across the surface of the cell at a time.

Further Explanation:

Cells require all substances to cross the cell membrane. These, like agar, which contains small pores, is semi permeable -only allowing some molecules to pass cross the membrane or surface. The cubes contain a pH indicator that reacts with the solute, vinegar. Cell membranes contain lipids which form a barrier; polarity or arrangement can give these non-polar macromolecules hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Via diffusion, small water molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer acts as a semi-permeable membrane into the extracross the phospholipid bilayer acts as a semi-permeable membrane into the extracellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds. The hydrophilic heads of the bilayer are attracted to water while their water-repellent hydrophobic tails face towards each other- allowing molecules of water and water soluble molecules, to diffuse across the membrane along the concentration gradient

acellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds. The hydrophilic heads of the bilayer are attracted to water while their water-repellent hydrophobic tails face towards each other- allowing molecules of water and water soluble molecules, to diffuse across the membrane along the concentration gradient

Thus in smaller cubes the rate of diffusion is higher as the surface area to volume ratio is higher; the vinegar diffuses all the way to the center, as indicated by the color change in the cube.

However as cells increase in size, their surface area:volume ratios decrease rapidly; larger cells, like the larger agar cubes, have a harder time moving molecules across the membrane, so the color change cannot be seen in the middle, as there was less of a permeable surface for the vinegar to diffuse across. to combat this, eukaryotic cells have specialized mechanisms to transport molecules along with membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum that provide a higher surface area for absorption and enable more efficient transportation.

Learn more about membrane components at brainly.com/question/1971706

Learn more about plasma membrane transport at brainly.com/question/11410881

#LearnWithBrainly

4 0

3 years ago

3. Describe the working of the body's nonspecific defenses against disease.

dezoksy [38]

Nonspecific defenses include physical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and interferons. Physical barriers include the intact skin and mucous membranes. These barriers are aided by various antimicrobial chemicals in tissue and fluids.

Nonspecific defenses include anatomic barriers, inhibitors, phagocytosis, fever, inflammation, and IFN. Specific defenses include antibody and cell-mediated immunity.

6 0

3 years ago

A student fills a small plastic bag with gelatin dessert and different colored beans and candies. Then the student seals the bag

Murljashka [212]

I think it choices A

3 0

3 years ago