c. During the rule of the Umayyad caliphs
Answer:
O any invading military force
Explanation:
It was created to protect the rights of each us citizen
Answer: A. Bamboo, shells, bones, and wood
Explanation: Before its invention, bones, tortoise shells, and bamboo slips were all used as writing surfaces, but as Chinese Hemp fiber and silk were used to make paper but the quality was far from satisfactory. Books at that time were made of wood or bamboo slips so they were heavy and occupied a lot of space.
