Answer:
<u>Biofilms are</u> defined as complex communities of microorganisms that grow embedded in a self-produced polymeric organic matrix and adhered to a living or inert surface, and that can present a single microbial species or a range of different species
Explanation:
The bacteria that form the biofilm are in what is called sessile form, exhibiting a phenotype different from those of the same cells in unicellular or free form (planktonic form) with respect to the growth rate and gene transcription (Donlan, 2002 ).
<u>
The formation</u> of biofilms is an adaptive strategy of microorganisms, since growth in biofilm offers four important advantages: (I) protects microorganisms from the action of adverse agents, (II) increases the availability of nutrients for their growth, (III) facilitates the use of water, reducing the possibility of dehydration and (IV) enables the transfer of genetic material (DNA). All of these circumstances can increase your survival capabilities. As a consequence, <u>the usual methods of disinfection or the use of antibiotics are often ineffective against biofilm bacteria</u>.
In addition to the risk of contamination, the development of biofilms can interfere with different processes and cause damage to the equipment. In drinking water systems the formation of biofilms can obstruct the pipes reducing their speed and transport capacity causing an increase in energy consumption. The formation of biofilm in heat exchangers and cooling towers can reduce heat transfer and as a consequence its efficiency in the process. The formation of persistent biofilms on metal surfaces can cause corrosion due to acid production by bacteria.
White blood cells, also know as macrophages or phagocytes
<u>Answer:</u>
Jena is reading about the elevation.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- Elevation is the altitude (height) above the sea level. The Florida being at the height of less than 100 feet is its elevation.
- The major factor that affects the climate of that region is its elevation.as the elevation increases i.e. the height of the place from sea level increases the temperature of that place lowers.
- For every 1 kilometer rise in elevation the temperature decreases by 6.5 degree Celsius. Hence, Jena is concerned about the elevation.
Answer:A material designed to produce passive solar energy can achieve energy savings of 70%. In addition to this great advantage, we show you what are the main benefits that passive solar energy can bring us:
Reduced maintenance cost. Since it has no external equipment to harness the energy, the maintenance required will be practically nil.
It is 100% renewable energy. It does not emit polluting gases and helps to maintain the environment, in addition to being an inexhaustible source which is the sun and we can always have it.
Energy and economic savings.
Reduction in the cost of electricity and gas bills.
Compatible with solar panel installations. In fact, it is currently considered as a complementary technology.
APPLICATIONS :Active solar energy is mainly used to obtain sanitary hot water, heating systems and to transform solar radiation into electrical energy.
Active solar technology is also used to produce air currents for ventilation or cooling and to store heat for later use. In any of these processes, the use of pumps and fans is required.
Other uses of active solar energy are:
Water purification.
Drying.
Evaporation.
Distillation.
Solar batteries.
Solar chargers.
Energy for street lighting, traffic signals and roads.
