In human genetics, the Mitochondrial Eve (also mt-Eve, mt-MRCA) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all living humans, i.e., the most recent woman from whom all living humans descend in an unbroken line purely through their mothers and through the mothers of those mothers, back until all lines converge on one woman.
In terms of mitochondrial haplogroups, the mt-MRCA is situated at the divergence of macro-haplogroup L into L0 and L1–6. As of 2013, estimates on the age of this split ranged at around 150,000 years ago,[note 3] consistent with a date later than the speciation of Homo sapiens but earlier than the recent out-of-Africa dispersal.[4][1][5]
The male analog to the "Mitochondrial Eve" is the "Y-chromosomal Adam" (or Y-MRCA), the individual from whom all living humans are patrilineally descended. As the identity of both matrilineal and patrilineal MRCAs is dependent on genealogical history (pedigree collapse), they need not have lived at the same time. As of 2013, estimates for the age Y-MRCA are subject to substantial uncertainty, with a wide range of times from 180,000 to 580,000 years ago[6][7][8] (with an estimated age of between 120,000 and 156,000 years ago, roughly consistent with the estimate for mt-MRCA.).[2][9]
The name "Mitochondrial Eve" alludes to biblical Eve, which has led to repeated misrepresentations or misconceptions in journalistic accounts on the topic. Popular science presentations of the topic usually point out such possible misconceptions by emphasizing the fact that the position of mt-MRCA is neither fixed in time (as the position of mt-MRCA moves forward in time as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages become extinct), nor does it refer to a "first woman", nor the only living female of her time, nor the first member of a "new species".[note 4]
Answer:
Plessy v. Ferguson makes segregation legal
Martin Luther King jr organizes the Southern Christian leadership conference
freedom riders are attacked as they travel through the South
Thousands of African Americans march on Washington DC
The civil rights act outlaws discrimination based on the colour of a person skin.
Answer:
A. natural rights
Explanation:
Civil Liberties are laws that every* person has and in fact cannot be taken away by any other person or institutions. Which is including the Government. Civil Liberties are always in legal texts. For example, the Constitution and it's amendments that it has. In that case when you are in the United States and in a lot of other countries or even in treaties. In example the "European Convention on Human Rights." In fact Civil Liberties are way different from Privilege's. A example for Civil Liberties is "Freedom of Speech." A example of "Privilege" is the right to draft a will.
*It is depending on the context and the country in fact. Civil Liberties in fact can hold for all people in the world or it can also be for the people in a certain country.
I hope this helped. I am sorry if you get this wrong.
