The boundary layer thickness is usually defined as the distance from the wall to the point where the flow velocity reaches 99 % of the free stream value.
In the very thin boundary layer associated with free stream flows with high Reynolds numbers, a steep rise in velocity occurs perpendicular to the wall.
Boundary layer thickness = 0.37*Distance on x-axis/(Reynolds Number^(1/5))
δ = 0.37*x/(Re^(1/5))
This formula uses 3 Variables:
Variables Used
Boundary layer thickness - (Measured in Meter) - Boundary layer thickness is the distance normal to the wall to a point where the flow velocity has essentially reached the 'asymptotic' velocity.
Distance on x-axis - (Measured in Meter) - Distance on x-axis is the distance of point measured along x-axis form origin.
Reynolds Number - The Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a fluid which is subjected to relative internal movement due to different fluid velocities. A region where these forces change behavior is known as a boundary layer, such as the bounding surface in the interior of a pipe.
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Answer:A. ice cream
Explanation:
Herfindahl-Hirschman Indexes is an index used to determine the market concentration of one or more firms, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Indexes
It is calculated by squaring the market share of each of the competing firms in a market and then adding up the numbers obtained from the squared market share of each of the competing firm.
THE HERFINDAHL-HIRSCHMAN INDEXES VALUES RANGES FROM ABOUT ZERO TO NUMBERS UP TO TEN THOUSAND (10,000).
The Right-wings are more conservative which would be known by today's standards as Republicans
Answer:
Leather goods, clothing, furniture, and tools
Explanation:
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