The phrase "remembering the days when he would have gone outside" is describing the man. Participial phrases always have a participial, in this case remembering and have gone, and these phrases act like adjectives to describe the subject on the sentence. The answer is participial phrase.
This would be Descriptive writing.
Mrs. Flowers says that Marguerite must understand that people come from different life circumstances. She must be tolerant of ignorance and understanding of illiteracy. She explains that some of the greatest thinkers and humanitarians in history never opened a book.
Well, you need to give us the choices before we can give an exact answer but normally you can evaluate the tone by thinking about the context and meaning.
some examples of strong disapproval might be: "She's such a horrible person" or "I really hate this lamp it's ugly" The bolded words show the strong disapproval.
But most likely you should be able to find it by evaluating tone.
