"between the two countries"
A prepositional phrase needs to contain a preposition, in this case it would be "between". As well it needs to modify the sentence and it should mention the object of the sentence. So "between the two countries" is correct.
I belive it is D because it is a scientific reasons and it gives you data to learn off
"Bestowing" means confer or present something to another, usually an honor, right, gift, or an item special to someone.
Facts, Statistics, or examples
The correct answer is Subjunctive.
The English subjunctive form is used when giving advice or when presenting situations that are not parts of reality or are not objective facts.