east of the Arabian Peninsula
Answer to question 1:
The "Dark Ages" is a historical periodization traditionally referring to the Middle Ages (c. 5th–15th century) that asserts that a demographic, cultural, and economic deterioration occurred in Western Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire.
Answer to question 3:
Chivalry has changed quite a bit since it appeared in the middle ages. ... In social situations, chivalry is still acceptable. That said, I think it comes down to men and women being courteous to each other rather than men being the only ones practicing courteous acts. A woman should hold the door open for men and women.
I know its not the full answers but this is the best I can do based on the questions.
Answer:
ali was the first caliph of the prophet
Answer:
The European Feudalism was based on a law of Germany, Japanese Feudalism was based in a law from China. In Japan they had Samurai and in Europe they had the knights. In Europe the samurai had a military rank, the feudalism there was about military costumes. It was a way for make the society being structured around relationships.
In Japan the feudalism happened when the government became weak, and the powerful people had to fight to definite each other's land.