The US was struggling with growth during the war of 1812 because more men were dying so it was becoming harder to reproduce and make more babies and another reason is because children would die after being born because of the lack of medical knowledge
They financed their colonies much like the other conolizing counties did: by exporting the countries' produce and products and selling them at a profit on the (then mainly local or European) market.
Until the 19th century countries like England did moreover not spend much money on governing their colonies: local rulers (if present) usually were left to keep on ruling the country at their own expense, and 'white' settlements were supposed to be self-supporting.
Of two houses of congress( senate and house of representatives)
House of Representatives.
Well we have the miranda rights, meaning it has contributed toward due process and just treatment while in police custody. I guess the con would be though, that now there are extra processes involved like paperwork and such.