Answer:
B) Jews and Christians grew closer
Explanation:
The Crusades brought together different layers of the population of countries and brought together all European nationalities. Europeans came to be aware of themselves as a whole. At the same time, Europeans, having become closely acquainted with the peoples of the East, clarified two important features. The first one is that the peoples of the East are not wild barbarians and backward pagans. In culture and customs, they were higher than European aliens. The second one is that the peoples of the West began to realize their national characteristics. They abandoned religious prejudices and learned to see people like themselves in other nations. Jews escaped from the pogroms of the crusaders, taking refuge in royal castles. Conrad III granted Jews refuge in his ancestral lands (Nuremberg and others); the bishop of Cologne placed at their disposal the Valkenburg fortress, in which the Jews defended themselves against the crusaders with weapons in their hands. Many Jews maintained personal contacts with Christian scholars, traders, and customers, while learning from them and sharing their experiences and knowledge with them. Slowly but inexorably, the center of Jewish history was shifting to the West, because the basic socio-economic and cultural realities were stronger than psychological biases.
The views of Native Americans and Europeans differed in terms of property ownership because under English law, discoveries were made in the name of the sovereign and all lands belonged to the monarch, to be disposed of at the will of the crown. Joint stock companies received charters from the crown and parceled out land.
That is the Nile river and or lake victoria
Harsh and extremely cold winter was the main geographical factor that added to German losses at Stalingrad.
Russia is well-known for its cold winters and many people from Western Europe even nowadays complain about severe weather conditions while visiting this country. Thus, this is not surprising, that cold weather became a serious obstacle on the way of Germans.
Solution :
French Revolution is the major social upheaval or social protest which occurred in France. The major upheaval occurred with the widespread dissatisfaction with the French monarchy and also for the poor economic policies of King Louis XVI.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted for 10 years.
The following are the causes and the developments of the French revolution :
1. Poor harvests ---- Cause
2. Arming of the citizens of Paris ---- Development
3. High taxes on Third Estate ----- Cause
4. Ineffective leadership by king Louis XVI ---- Cause
5. Debts from the French support of the American Revolution ---- Cause
6. Formation of the National Assembly ----- Development
7. Destruction of Nobles' property ----- Development
