accumulations of genetic mutations over time.
Genetic and epigenetic changes compound over time to cause cancer. While aging and chronic inflammation are the major causes of epigenetic changes, carcinogenic substances, UV radiation, and other conditions can also cause genetic changes. Our prior exposure levels and life history are reflected in the accumulation and patterns of changes in normal cells. The majority of accumulated changes are regarded as passengers, although they are linked to cancer drivers as they accumulate. Although only hypothesized for genetic changes, this has been demonstrated for aberrant DNA methylation. However, modern technology has made it possible to assess uncommon point mutations, and research has revealed that the rates of their accumulation do actually correspond with cancer risk.
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Cnidarians have specialized cells known as cnidocytes (“stinging cells”) containing organelles called nematocysts. These cells are concentrated around the mouth and tentacles of the animal and can immobilize prey with toxins. Nematocysts contain coiled threads that may bear barbs.
An element is also a pure substance. The reason for this is because an element contains only one type of particle.
Option A is correct
Biological dyes work by adhering to various biological parts. Different dyes adhere to the different constituents of the cellular membranes, other attach to the proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids.
Some dyes are specific to the cell, and attach to the constituents of those specific cells only.
