<span>It is a device used by writers in the beginning stage of the writing process, you are gathering and formulating your information on paper. It is a group of ideas or thoughts about the topic. This begins the writers thought process about the topic, the ideas written is free-write don't have to be used, but it gets the writers ideas on the topic started</span>
2nd option cause there will be a parenthesis.
I think it means like hes walking off of the bad path or maybe he was being slightly rude when he said this statment
The linking verb is the word, "is" and "effective" is the predicate adjective.
I hope this helps.
Take care,
Diana
