Hi. You did not submit the excerpts that this question refers to. This makes it impossible for this question to be answered. However, I will try to help you as best I can.
The only way to answer this question is to read the excerpts. You will have to read these excerpts and identify what their theme, or common topic, they are presenting to you. If these excerpts are from the same text, it will be much easier for you to identify the correct answer, since a text tends to keep constant in a single theme.
Answer: The answer is A
Explanation:
He says: Steve—you know why I shot! How was I supposed to know he wasn’t a monster or something?
Answer:
He mentions the laws of nature (1), he states that all men are created equal and that they're endowed with unalienable rights (2), and that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed (3). These are principles that could be derived by reason alone. They're foreign to the ways of tradition which believed in the divine right of kings, aristocracy, and a Christian God, not a god of nature.