The term "geography" simply refers to the locations of entities on the earth. So an example could be that "geographically speaking, the United States is North of Brazil".
Imperialism was great for European economies. By conquering peoples and lands not only was Europe able to extend its influence in the world, it also capitalized on the raw materials found in the new territories. European countries would take advantage of the locals and use them as a cheap labor force to pick the crops.
He thought the business cycle would correct itself
It also defined the border between the United states and spanish florida, and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River, Thomas Pinckney negotiated the treaty for the United States and Don Manuel de Godoy represented Spain.