<u>Personification </u>is a literary device used to assign human characteristics to something non-human.
In this case, the effect of the personification used by John Muir communicates appreciation and love of nature, since it highlights all the details of nature and the respect of the author towards this diversity.
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The theme of legend of raven is to show that ravens have their own legendary tales to tell and frog women is to show that not all frogs have to be males.
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