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John Locke was commonly acknowledged as the "Father of Liberalism." He influenced theology, liberal government, and religious toleration. He also focused on the physiological examination of the human mind as a way to "investigate" the world. John Locke also wrote an Essay called Essay Concerning Human Understanding that went into further detail on how the human brain is able to acquire knowledge.
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Legalism is a theory of autocratic, centralized rule and harsh penalties. Confucianism is an ethic of moral uprightness, social order, and filial responsibility.
Legalism emphasizes the proscribing of laws in order to ensure public order, whereas Confucianism is more concerned with instilling morality.
Ans: Both sides agreed that Allah is the one true God and that Muhammad was his messenger, but one group (which eventually became the Shiites) felt Muhammad's successor should be someone in his bloodline, while the other (which became the Sunnis) felt a pious individual who would follow the Prophet's customs was acceptable.
