Select an Enlightenment thinker to honor with this award. Consider who had the greatest impact on the 18th century and the moder
n world. You may choose from the following: Denis Diderot
Madame Geoffrin
Thomas Hobbes
David Hume
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Adam Smith
Mary Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
There is a widespread opinion in scientific circles that Jean Jacques Rousseau is the most influential thinker of the Enlightenment. His views on freedom awakened the French people's collective thought, so if we set out in search of thinkers whose views led to the French Revolution, Rousseau would definitely be one of those people. The reflection of his influence is evident even today. His views influenced the fundamental principles of democracy, which is still the most advanced political system today.
John Locke, (born August 29, 1632, Wrington, Somerset, England—died October 28, 1704, High Laver, Essex), English philosopher whose works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism. He was an inspirer of both the European Enlightenment and the Constitution of the United States. His philosophical thinking was close to that of the founders of modern science, especially Robert Boyle, Sir Isaac Newton, and other members of the Royal Society. His political thought was grounded in the notion of a social contract between citizens and in the importance of toleration, especially in matters of religion. Much of what he advocated in the realm of politics was accepted in England after the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89 and in the United States after the country’s declaration of independence in 1776.
Locke’s family was sympathetic to Puritanism but remained within the Church of England, a situation that coloured Locke’s later life and thinking. Raised in Pensford, near Bristol, Locke was 10 years old at the start of the English Civil Wars between the monarchy of Charles I and parliamentary forces under the eventual leadership of Oliver Cromwell. Locke’s father, a lawyer, served as a captain in the cavalry of the parliamentarians and saw some limited action. From an early age, one may thus assume, Locke rejected any claim by the king to have a divine right to rule.
After the first Civil War ended in 1646, Locke’s father was able to obtain for his son, who had evidently shown academic ability, a place at Westminster School in distant London. It was to this already famous institution that Locke went in 1647, at age 14. Although the school had been taken over by the new republican government, its headmaster, Richard Busby (himself a distinguished scholar), was a royalist. For four years Locke remained under Busby’s instruction and control (Busby was a strong disciplinarian who much favoured the birch). In January 1649, just half a mile away from Westminster School, Charles was beheaded on the order of Cromwell. The boys were not allowed to attend the execution, though they were undoubtedly well aware of the events taking place nearby.
The purpose of the act was to consolidate Bantu education, i.e. education of black people, so that discriminatory educational practices could be uniformly implemented across South Africa.
Many black and non-white children who lost a quality education due to the Bantu Act grew to experience economic strife. The Bantu Education Act resulted in increased racial tensions, a drop in national educational standards, and the denial of a quality education to thousands of South African children.
The education was aimed at training the children for the manual labour and menial jobs that the government deemed suitable for those of their race, and it was explicitly intended to inculcate the idea that Black people were to accept being subservient to white South Africans.
Human activities that contribute to desertification include the expansion and intensive use of agricultural lands, poor irrigation practices, deforestation, and overgrazing. These unsustainable land uses place enormous pressure on the land by altering its soil chemistry and hydrology.
The Harlem Renaissance was the development of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City as a Black cultural mecca in the early 20th Century and the subsequent social and artistic explosion that resulted. Lasting roughly from the 1910s through the mid-1930s, the period is considered a golden age in African American culture, manifesting in literature, music, stage performance and art.
The population of the Spanish colonies in North America during the 1600s and early 1700s typically included groups such as:-
1. Religious Minorities
2. Independent Ranchers
3. Catholic Missionaries
4. Spanish Soldiers
A Religious Minority is a religion held by a minority of the population of a country, state, or region. Minority religions may be subject to stigma or discrimination. An example of a stigma is using the term cult with its extremely negative connotations for certain new spiritual movements.
A racial/ ethnic minority is a person whose race or ethnicity is a non-dominant race within the group. Inside the united states, racial/ethnic minorities are usually considered to include Hispanic/Latinos, African people, Asians, Native Americans, Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders, and those of or more races.
The social incentives were that nobody wanted war anymore, people were sick of war and wanted peace. The political were tied to the social - politicians did what the people wanted to gain popularity points. The economic incentives were that peace time and relief efforts were less costly than war.
