Select an Enlightenment thinker to honor with this award. Consider who had the greatest impact on the 18th century and the moder
n world. You may choose from the following: Denis Diderot
Madame Geoffrin
Thomas Hobbes
David Hume
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Adam Smith
Mary Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
There is a widespread opinion in scientific circles that Jean Jacques Rousseau is the most influential thinker of the Enlightenment. His views on freedom awakened the French people's collective thought, so if we set out in search of thinkers whose views led to the French Revolution, Rousseau would definitely be one of those people. The reflection of his influence is evident even today. His views influenced the fundamental principles of democracy, which is still the most advanced political system today.
John Locke, (born August 29, 1632, Wrington, Somerset, England—died October 28, 1704, High Laver, Essex), English philosopher whose works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism. He was an inspirer of both the European Enlightenment and the Constitution of the United States. His philosophical thinking was close to that of the founders of modern science, especially Robert Boyle, Sir Isaac Newton, and other members of the Royal Society. His political thought was grounded in the notion of a social contract between citizens and in the importance of toleration, especially in matters of religion. Much of what he advocated in the realm of politics was accepted in England after the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89 and in the United States after the country’s declaration of independence in 1776.
Locke’s family was sympathetic to Puritanism but remained within the Church of England, a situation that coloured Locke’s later life and thinking. Raised in Pensford, near Bristol, Locke was 10 years old at the start of the English Civil Wars between the monarchy of Charles I and parliamentary forces under the eventual leadership of Oliver Cromwell. Locke’s father, a lawyer, served as a captain in the cavalry of the parliamentarians and saw some limited action. From an early age, one may thus assume, Locke rejected any claim by the king to have a divine right to rule.
After the first Civil War ended in 1646, Locke’s father was able to obtain for his son, who had evidently shown academic ability, a place at Westminster School in distant London. It was to this already famous institution that Locke went in 1647, at age 14. Although the school had been taken over by the new republican government, its headmaster, Richard Busby (himself a distinguished scholar), was a royalist. For four years Locke remained under Busby’s instruction and control (Busby was a strong disciplinarian who much favoured the birch). In January 1649, just half a mile away from Westminster School, Charles was beheaded on the order of Cromwell. The boys were not allowed to attend the execution, though they were undoubtedly well aware of the events taking place nearby.
The parts of the Ottoman Empire that fell under European
rule between the year 1880s and 1914 was the Middle eastern countries which are
composed of the following; Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and as well as the
Libya as they are all parts of the middle eastern countries.
Since they didn't have access to advanced stone tool technologies, they were forced to scavenge meat off larger and stronger predators. Humans weren't fast or strong, disadvantaging them in the food chain. However, as they advanced technologically, they were able to rise up the food chain.
In the debate over the ratification of the U.S constitution, a
Federalist would have argued that the Articles of Confederation were far
too weak, and needed to be replaced with a stronger document.
At no point in recent history have calls for Africa to industrialize been stronger than they have been lately. Across the continent, industrialization is arguably the most talked about subject among policymakers. So why has action on the ground failed to move the needle on this important development marker?
