I'm pretty sure the answer is A.) gerund.
Answer: B) Alexander expanded his empire, thus spreading Greek culture.
Explanation: The passage "Alexander the Great" explains the life and journey of Alexander and addresses several facts that led to his success, such as his father's participation in expanding Greek culture and his short rule. However, the statement "Alexander expanded his empire, thus spreading Greek culture." best identifies the central idea, focusing on how thanks to his conquests in quite specific political contexts, he expanded his reign.
Basically it is to organize your thoughts. You would usually make a Topic Web before you do a research paper, or essay.
Hope this is the answer you were looking for and that it helps!! :)
In the year 1666, Samuel Pepys describes the Great London Fire as a terrible fire that had destroyed a large part of London.Pepys was more distressed when he is able to see the fire more closely. He observes how pervasive it is and how much devastation and adversity it has caused.
They wait until they get some news to help them