Answer:
One reason is to simply expand their religion. Another would be to acquire more resources like exotic spices and such. Another being to dominate.
Martin Luther of Germany, he generated a schism in the Catholic Church and formed his own Lutherism faction of Christianity.
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The Renaissance is associated with advances in literature, architecture, humanism, and a world economy, while the Enlightenment is associated with the scientific method, industrialization, rationality, astronomy, and calculus.
An oligarchy government is different because a small group of people rule, and in a absolute monarchy you inherit the position with unlimited power.