The primary events which led to the outbreak of World War II in Europe or German aggressive expansionary poliicies in Eastern Europe, primarily the invasion of Poland which triggered the outbreak a secondary cause of the reluctant of the other European powers to stop Germany aggression before it erupted into a full-blown War
I might be wrong but I think it is sodium. Sorry :((
An argument that someone might make against the original claim to the argument is a counterargument. It means the person is objecting to something that was previously stated.
Counterclaim is a more specific term used in a court of law. It means the defendant files a lawsuit against the plaintiff similar to the one the plaintiff filed against the defendant. It could be compared to a counterattack in the sense that the response is similar to what caused it.
However, both terms are sometimes used as synonyms.