_trophs often make their own food using sunlight,

How is a trait passed down from parents to offspring USE OWN WORDS

artcher [175]

A trait is a characteristic, such as color or size, that is inherited by an offspring from its parents. The genes that control a trait come in pairs, one gene from each parent. We represent these gene pairs by writing a combination of two letters. For example, if one parent contributes a gene for blue eyes (c), and other parent contributes a gene for brown eyes(C), then we write the offspring’s eye color trait as Cc. This combination, of the two genes that determine the trait, is called a genotype. If gene pair contains a dominant allele, the the offspring will show this dominant trait

8 0

2 years ago

Where is long-wavelength radiation created?

Ivahew [28]

On the earth surface

Explanation:

The long-wavelength radiation is created on the earth surface when electromagnetic radiation is re-emitted.

The sun releases radiation in form of short-wave.
They are usually more energetic and with short wavelength and a high frequency.
When they interact with materials on the earth, they are radiated back as long-wavelength radiation that usually causes heat.
Ultraviolet rays and other high energy waves are emitted from the sun because it is a very hot body.
When these radiations enters the earth, they are re-radiated back as long waves with lower energy.
Earth is cooler than the sun
When some of the short waves for example, the ultraviolet rays gets to the surface, it is absorbed and re-radiated back.
When the short waves are absorbed, they lose some of their their energy to the earth surface.
The remainder is radiated back as less energetic long waves.
The hotter a body is, the more energetic the radiation it releases.

learn more:

Electromagnetic radiation brainly.com/question/6818046

#learnwithBrainly

4 0

2 years ago

The Offspring produced by a cross between two given types of plants can be any of the three genotypes denoted by A, B, and C. A

ratelena [41]

Complete question:

The offspring produced between two given types of plants can be any of the three genotypes, denoted by A, B and C. A theoretical model of gene inheritance suggests that the offspring of types A, B and C should be in a 1:2:1 ratio (meaning 25% A, 50% B, and 25% C). For experimental verification, 100 plants are bred by crossing the two given types. Their genetic classifications are recorded in the table below.

Genotype Observed frequency

A → 18 individuals

B → 55 individuals

C → 27 individuals

Do these contradict the genetic model?

Use a 0.05 level of significance.

Determine the chi-square test statistic.

Answer:

Do these contradict the genetic model? No, according to the chi-square test, there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis of the population being in equilibrium.

Explanation:

Available data:

Crossed genotypes: two
Genotypes among the offspring; Three → A, B, and C
Expected phenotypic ratio → 1:2:1
Total number of individuals, N = 100
A = 18 individuals
B = 55 individuals
C = 27 individuals

So, let us first state the hypothesis:

H₀= the population is equilibrium for this locus → F(A) = 25%, F(B) = 50%, F(C) = 25%
H₁ = the population is not in equilibrium

Now, let us calculate the number of expected individuals, according to their expected ratio.

4 -------------- 100% -------------100 individuals

1 --------------- 25% -------------X = 25 individuals A

2 -------------- 50% -------------X = 50 individuals B

1----------------- 25%--------------X = 25 individuals C

A B C

Observed 18 55 27
Expected 25 50 25
(Obs-Exp)²/Exp 1.96 0.5 0.16

(Obs-Exp)²/Exp

A) (18 - 25)²/25 = 49/25 = 1.96

B) (55 - 50)² / 50 = 25/50 = 0.5

C) (27 - 25)²/25 = 4/25 = 0.16

Chi square = X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp

∑ is the sum of the terms
O are the Observed individuals: 2 in chamber B, and 18 in chamber A.
E are the Expected individuals: 10 in each chamber

X² = ∑ ((O-E)²/E) = 1.96 + 0.5 + 0.16 = 2.62

Freedom degrees = 2

Significance level, 5% = 0.05

Table value/Critical value = 5.99

X² < Critical value

2.62 < 5.99

These results suggest that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. We can assume that the locus under study in this population is in equilibrium H-W.

6 0

3 years ago

Describe the structure and function of a eukaryotic cells nucleus

dybincka [34]

Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells - Boundless
https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cell-structure-4/eukaryotic-cells-60/characteristics-of-eukaryotic-cells-313-11446/
Like a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. However, unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have: a membrane-bound nucleus. numerous membrane-bound organelles (including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria)

6 0

3 years ago

How does your immune system remember a particular pathogen?

Setler [38]

They form memory cells in which those cells remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production, in aid of future infections.

5 0

3 years ago