The Americans hostility towards the clergy, adherents, and the Catholic Church during the 1800s was rooted to their desires to maintain the white, Protestant nation. The reform even led to religious discrimination and violence. Therefore, the answer to this question is most probably letter D.
It ended the period that was known as salutary neglect period. This was a period in which the British crown did not enforce its parliamentary decisions on the colonies, and in return the colonies were obedient. When the two acts were passed, the began getting enforced and people disliked this.
Answer: A.
Explanation: when the fall of fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 was over, the Russian Orthodox Church evolved into a semi-independent branch of Eastern Christianity. In 1589 the metropolitan of Moscow received the title of patriarch.