<span>In order to be part of a guild, an artist must have its own discipline, like painting to display his talent to the association of artisan or merchant. Then, the board or distinct panel must approve this masterpiece and accept the voluntary act of an artist to be part of a guild. Moreover, a member of a guild must be a decent artist or a professional with good standing character.</span>
Answer:
the chiaroscuro, because of its dark and defined features, creates a kind of shadow and depth to the work. by doing so we can better appreciate the work that will appear more realistic and three-dimensional. a painter who used a lot of this technique was Leonardo da Vinci for example in the Monnalisa (Louvre)
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One of the pioneers of this medium, Timothy O'Sullivan, started his career as a Civil War photographer. He toured throughout the Western United States with geological survey parties after the war.