Her family hears that Italy surrendered.
An example of irony used in The Outsiders Book: "You ought to know better than to run away in just a sweatshirt, and a wet one at that. Don't you ever use your head?" he sounded so much like Darry that I stared at him.
The Whites learn that their son Herbert is dead.
The last one. The only scenario where you wouldn't put a comma in the first quote is if it's a completed remark that uses particular punctuation such as a quotation or exclamation mark, but never a period. Hope this helped.