A two-dimensional array is essentially? A primitive date type A looped data structure
1 answer:
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Answer:
a)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#define BUFSIZE 16
int main(){
//pipe descriptors
char msg[BUFSIZE];
char buf[BUFSIZE];
int pipefd[2];
if(pipe(pipefd) == -1){
//pipe creation error
perror("pipe");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//pipe creation successfull
//write four messages
sprintf(msg , "apple");
write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);
printf("Written %s\n", msg);
sprintf(msg , "boy");
write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);
printf("Written %s\n", msg);
sprintf(msg , "cat");
write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);
printf("Written %s\n", msg);
sprintf(msg , "dog");
write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);
printf("Written %s\n", msg);
//read
read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);
printf("Read: %s\n", buf);
read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);
printf("Read: %s\n", buf);
read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);
printf("Read: %s\n", buf);
read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);
printf("Read: %s\n", buf);
close(pipefd[0]);
close(pipefd[1]);
return 0;
}
(b)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<wait.h>
#define BUFSIZE 16
int main(){
//pipe descriptors
char msg[BUFSIZE];
char buf[BUFSIZE];
int pipefd[2];
if(pipe(pipefd) == -1){
//pipe creation error
perror("pipe");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//pipe creation successfull
//write four messages
if(fork() == 0){
//this is child
//close unused write end
close(pipefd[1]);
read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);
printf("This is child process reading first message. Content is %s\n", buf);
read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);
printf("This is child process reading second message. Content is %s\n", buf);
read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);
printf("This is child process reading third message. Content is %s\n", buf);
read(pipefd[0], buf, BUFSIZE);
printf("This is child process reading fourth message. Content is %s\n", buf);
close(pipefd[0]);
//exit from child
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
//this is parent process
//close unused read end
close(pipefd[0]);
sprintf(msg , "apple");
printf("This is parent process. Writing first message into pipe\n");
write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);
sprintf(msg , "boy");
printf("This is parent process. Writing second message into pipe\n");
write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);
sprintf(msg , "cat");
printf("This is parent process. Writing third message into pipe\n");
write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);
sprintf(msg , "dog");
printf("This is parent process. Writing fourth message into pipe\n");
write(pipefd[1], msg, BUFSIZE);
close(pipefd[1]);
//wait for child
wait(NULL);
return 0;
}
(c)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<signal.h>
typedef struct sigaction Sigaction;
unsigned long long size = 0;
void alarmhandler(int sig){
//alarm fired writing blocked
printf("Write blocked after %llu characters\n", size);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
int main(){
//pipe descriptors
int pipefd[2];
if(pipe(pipefd) == -1){
//pipe creation error
perror("pipe");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//install handler
sigset_t mask , prev;
sigemptyset(&mask);
sigaddset(&mask , SIGALRM);
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK , &mask , &prev);
Sigaction new_action;
sigemptyset(&new_action.sa_mask);
new_action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
new_action.sa_handler = alarmhandler;
sigaction(SIGALRM , &new_action , NULL);
sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK , &prev, NULL);
while(1){
//print size on multiple of 4
if(size != 0 && size % 1024 == 0){
printf("%llu characters in pipe\n", size);
}
//reset previous alarm
alarm(0);
//set new alarm for 5 seconds
alarm(5);
//write to pipe one character
write(pipefd[1], "A", sizeof(char));
size++;
}
return 0;
}
Explanation:
Output for a, b, c are pasted accordingly
Explanation:
Code with comments:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
/* math library is required to use pow() function
First we need to create a function to calculate the Monthly Payment
It would take three inputs Rate, Years, and Principle amount
Then we converted the Rate and Months according to problem statement
pow() function is used to find (1+R)^M
Then finaly this function returns the value of Monthly Payment */
float MonthlyPay(float R, int M, int P)
{
R=R/1200;
M=M*12;
float po=pow((1+R),M);
float PayM=(R+(R/(po-1)))*P;
return PayM;
}
/* In the main() function we get 3 inputs from the user Years, Rate and Principle amount
then we call the MonthlyPay function and pass it 3 inputs that we got from the user
then we calculated the total Payment by multiplying the Monthly Pay and total number of months
then we calculated the interest Amount by subtracting the Principle Amount from total Pay
Testing is performed and output result is given at the end and also attached in the image */
int main(void)
{
float Rate;
int Year, Amount;
printf("Enter Years: ");
scanf("%d",&Year);
printf("Enter Rate: ");
scanf("%f",&Rate);
printf("Enter Principle Amount: ");
scanf("%d",&Amount);
float Pay = MonthlyPay(Rate, Year, Amount);
printf ("Monthly Payment is: %f \n", Pay);
float totalPay=Pay*Year*12;
printf ("Total Payment is: %f \n", totalPay);
float interest=totalPay-Amount;
printf ("Interest Expense is: %f \n", interest);
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter Years: 5
Enter Rate: 7
Enter Principle Amount: 12200
Monthly Payment is: 241.572767
Total Payment is: 14494.367188
Interest Expense is: 2294.367188
