Most important and abundant one are the phospholipids - amphiphatic molecules with an hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. They compose the membrane bilayer. Also important are the membrane proteins, which can be periheric and internal and can serve as channels, receptors, pumps etc.
Depending on the cell type the membrane can also contain cholesterol (in animal cells, enhances the membrane stability) or hopanes(in prokaryotes, same function as cholesterol) or ether-phospholipids with branched hydroharbon tails(in archaea, make the membranes more stable and resistant to severe conditions, as archaeas are extremophiles)
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It is true that studies of animals show that they play only when the physical survival needs have been met; however, there is growing evidence that for children, play is crucial in terms of biological evolution as well as individual development.
Answer:
In order to make E. coli bacterial cells glow green, we need to insert a gene that can be translated into the <u>green fluorescent protein.</u> This gene is well-known as <u>gfp</u> and can be inserted either in the DNA or plasmid of the bacteria. The genome insertion procedure would follow the conventional method where the DNA will be first cut using restriction enzymes and then would be ligated. This approach has been extensively applied to test the fate of bacteria in the environmental systems.
A schematic diagram on insertion of gfp in the plasmid of bacteria is shown in the figure. The left side diagram shows that gfp is inserted and right side figure shows glowing bacteria in the presence of UV.
