Answer:
out-of-pocket
Explanation:
In Accounting, costing is the measurement of the cost of production of goods and services by assessing the fixed costs and variable costs associated with each step of production.
Cost pool is simply the amount of money spent by a firm on a particular activity.
Generally, an activity-based costing uses numerous cost pools such as manufacturing cost or customer services and numerous cost drivers such as direct labor hours worked, number of changes used in engineering department, etc.
Generally, an out-of-pocket cost requires that an individual or business outlay their future cash-flow and it must be relevant for current and future decision making.
Answer:
Technology is defined by how people use scientific knowledge, and not only does scientific knowledge constantly change, but the way we use it is also constantly changing.
Emerging technologies refers to a new technology or technological innovations. The problem is that what can be considered new and how fast will it become obsolete? Our world is changing so fast, that current technology will be obsolete in just a few months, or maybe a year from now.
Because new technologies become old too fast, it is very difficult to identify them before they are no longer an innovation. Only those technologies that become mainstream can be clearly identified as emerging technologies, e.g. the iPhone was considered an emerging technology in 2007 and even though the first iPhone is obsolete now, it became mainstream technology.
Answer:
C. subject to review by higher levels of management in order to prevent the budgets from becoming too loose.
Explanation:
Self-imposed budgets typically are subject to review by higher levels of management in order to prevent the budgets from becoming too loose.
Self-imposed budget also known as the participative budget is a type of budget where individuals having responsibility for controlling costs, prepares their own budget estimates and present them to the top level of management for review.
Answer:
Assuming that the elimination of frequent-flyer programs would have enabled the airlines to earn higher profits and remain in business, then it would be a purely good idea for the airlines to eliminate their frequent-flyer programs.
The big question is, how much did the frequent-flyer programs cost the airlines? Would the cost-savings be sufficient to eliminate their bankruptcies? It is a known-fact that the airlines that create such programs always recover the program costs by charging higher fares.
Explanation:
The issue of airlines going bankruptcy does not seem to stem from customer-loyalty programs like the frequent-flyer programs. The root cause lies in operational and other costs that airline managements have not been able to control.
