D. the emergence of credit and an increase in manufacturing output
Correct answer is C. Because that was the official currency in French Empire during the reign of Napoléon Bonaparte, and it featured his portrait. That particular French gold coin was available in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 50 and 100 francs.
C. "Gossip and bag making"
Carpetbaggers were northerners who moved to the south after the civil war and profited during reconstruction.
Muckrakers were journalists of the Progressive era, they sought to expose big business, the government, and corruption.