There are several ways in which writers use direct characterization in a story, but the most common way is that they will take time to describe each character in detail.
Her doctor believed that intellectual effort was making her ill. Women were not supposed to exert themselves much physically." was the social attitude of Gilman’s era that the excerpt best demonstrates.
As·ser·tion (ə-sûr′shən)n.1. The act of asserting.2. Something declared or stated positively, often with no support or attempt at <span>proof.</span>