Blood vessels expand during hot weather and retract/ tighten in cold weather
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Some examples of physical evidence that supports scientific theories that earth has evolved over geologic time are the studies have have been done supporting the idea of Pangaea that all the continents were together and with time separated, if you look at a map you can see that the continents almost fits like a puzzle, of course they do not because of erosion and climate change, but it’s the closest example.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is considered a cellular correlate of learning and memory. The presence of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels near excitatory synapses on dendritic spines suggests their possible involvement in synaptic plasticity. However, whether activity-dependent regulation of channels affects excitatory synaptic plasticity is unknown. In a companion article we have reported activity-dependent regulation of GIRK channel density in cultured hippocampal neurons that requires activity oF receptors (NMDAR) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and takes place within 15 min. In this study, we performed whole-cell recordings of cultured hippocampal neurons and found that NMDAR activation increases basal GIRK current and GIRK channel activation mediated by adenosine A(1) receptors, but not GABA(B) receptors. Given the similar involvement of NMDARs, adenosine receptors, and PP1 in depotentiation of LTP caused by low-frequency stimulation that immediately follows LTP-inducing high-frequency stimulation, we wondered whether NMDAR-induced increase in GIRK channel surface density and current may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying this specific depotentiation. Remarkably, GIRK2 null mutation or GIRK channel blockade abolishes depotentiation of LTP, demonstrating that GIRK channels are critical for depotentiation, one form of excitatory synaptic plasticity.
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Fat is less soluble in water compared to phospholipids.
This is because, fat is made up of three molecules of fatty acids which are not polar in nature at all, thus they mixed very poorly with water.
Phospholipids on the other hand has its molecules divided into two distinct regions, the head and the tail region. The head region is hydrophillic and it is polar in nature, that is, it mixes well with water. The tail region is made up of the fatty components and it is hydrophobic.
Because of this difference in structure, phospholipid will dissolve better in water.
