An example of violation of Enlightenment rights in Latin America under Spanish Rule is B. A rigid social class system strictly determined by birth, which granted rights to some and restricted rights from others.
There was a complex race system that asignated each individual its place in society according to its ascendency: metropolitan, colonial, indian, black, white. The other two are examples of Enlightenment rights that weren't respected until after independence.
Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990 because he wanted oil the untied nations wanted them to stop but he kept so the untied states and a few other countries invaded iraq
Aside from a general curiosity about space, the United States wanted to go to space because the Russians were trying to get there too, and we were in a "cold" war with them.