There are a number of ways in which federalism affects many aspects of US government and politics. Here are a few important ways:
1) Variation in state laws concerning such matters as the age at which one can drive a car and must attend school.
2) Variations in penalties of law breaking from state to state.
3) Complexity of the American legal system, having both national and state courts.
4) Each state having not only its own laws and courts but also its own Constitution.
5) Complexity of the tax system: income tax (federal and state); state property taxes; local sales taxes.
6) State-based elections, run largely under state law.
7) The frequency and number of elections.
8) Political parties being decentralised and largely state-based.
<span>9) Regional diversity (the South, Midwest, Northeast etc.) and regional considerations when making appointments to, for example, the cabinet, or when 'balancing the ticket' in the presidential election.</span>
Fairness Doctrine is the name of the doctrine which a Federal Communications Commission required for broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues to provide time for opposing views. This doctrine was then ceased to be enforced in 1985 by the FCC.
<h3>What is the Fairness Doctrine?</h3>
The Fairness Doctrine of the United States Federal Communications Commission was introduced in 1949. It was a policy which required the broadcast license holders to present controversial issues of public importance. They were also required to do this in such a manner that different and contrasting viewpoints could be fairly reflected.
The reason why it was ceased to be enforced was because the FCC realized that there were many radio and TV stations, which represented all the differing viewpoints on controversial issues.
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It showed a shift to a more aggressive stance in the fight
for civil rights. Previous civil rights
advocates like Martin Luther King advocated reconciliation and
non-violence. Malcolm X called for a war
against their oppressors as well as a separate Black nation. The Black Panthers also had a similar belief
which led them to come in conflict with law enforcement.
<span> Both increased their own power without approval by other government entities.
so option b is right .</span>