Educational standards and income growth inequality.
The G factor refers to overall intelligence, whereas the S factor refers to specific intellectual abilities.
G factor or general intelligence, it refers to the reality of a wide mental capacity that impacts performance on cognitive ability measures, it refers to the overall performance according to Spearman. The S factor or the specific ability, it varies from activity to activity in the same individual, individuals differ in the amount of S ability.
Cones are concentrated at the center of retina called fovea centralis where no rod cells are present.
The retina is the innermost lining of the eye, made up of thousands of light-sensitive cells, with an inner part of nerve tissue and a pigmented outer part. It plays a fundamental role in the formation of images, which will be projected and then sent to the brain, through electrical impulses.
The retina consists of three types of layers: bipolar neurons, ganglion neurons and photosensitive cells.
Bipolar neurons promote the union of photosensitive cells with ganglion neurons, which are grouped with nerve fibers and thus originate the optic nerve. It carries nerve impulses to the brain. Photosensitive cells, due to their shape, are named in two types: cones and rods.
There are about 6 million cones that are concentrated in a small depression located in the macula lutea (center of the retina) called the fovea. They have an elongated and cylindrical shape, with conical outer segments. It is in this region that the image is most clearly formed, as they are stimulated by the most intense light. Cones are specialized in the accuracy of daytime vision and in recognizing color. There are three types of cones that have fundamental photopigments that respond to light of wavelengths (λ): cyanopigment - S cones (short λ) - sensitive to blue color, chloropigment - M cones (medium λ) - sensitive to green color and erytopigment - cones L (λ long) - sensitive to red color. The brain interprets the signals received by these cones, which allows it to process color differentiation.
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Among political scientists, the existence of free and fair elections on a regular basis is considered the minimal condition for a democracy (democratic regime) (Dahl 1971; Diamond 1999).
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Answer:
Many students reported a loveless childhood, coupled with humiliation and degradation by school staff. Hunger, poor nutrition, and repetitive food items were common complaints. As one student remembered: “I was always hungry.
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