Answer
Church leaders, such as bishops and archbishops, had influential roles in medieval European monarchies and often served as advisers to a country’s king. The church also acted as a counter against monarchs who wanted absolute power, since there was one power the church had over them -- excommunication. An excommunicated king could face leadership challenges from both inside and outside his kingdom, without the condemnation of church leaders. A clear example of this is King John of England, who was excommunicated from the Catholic Church in the 13th century after a dispute with Pope Innocent III. After encountering numerous difficulties, including the threat of a papal-backed French invasion, John agreed to once again swear fealty to the pope.
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John Locke believed a key role of the government was to protect freedom and that the people possess the power to change their government. So the correct answer would be the second option: "When government violates individual rights, the people have the right to rebel."
President Jefferson hesitated in
submitting the Louisiana Purchase treaty because he did not want to
violate the Constitutional power granted to him. He was aware that the
Constitution does not specifically allow him to buy land or territory from a foreign
power.
