Characterization is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character. Characterization is revealed through direct characterization and indirect characterization.
A claim is like your opinion/hypothesis/theory. You can write what you think then base it has a universal statement. In simpler words, an idea that other people can relate to.
i think that the tone is scientific
I think that the speaker is saying that even though death is unavoidable in the end then we should not just merely accept it and try our hardest to make our lives meaningful while we are alive. She infers that she has too much that she has yet to do in her life and that she doesn’t have enough time to stop for anything, even something a powerful as death.