Maryland (1819) is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.
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The magnetic compass was an important advance in navigation because it allowed mariners to determine their direction even if clouds obscured their usual astronomical cues such as the North Star. It uses a magnetic needle that can turn freely so that it always points to the north pole of the Earth's magnetic field.
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Slow government response
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At that time, the massive discrimination toward women and minorities group run rampant in the country. Causing a massive problems such as difficulties to obtain job, significantly lower wages for the same work, different treatment in government court, etc. But the civil right movement that has been started since early 1900s still pretty much ignored by the government.
This caused many activist groups started to emerged in order to shake up the status quo. Some of the groups are militants but some of them are peaceful but assertive.
One of the most famous figure that arise during this era was Martin Luther King Jr. He led several peaceful protests that managed to attract national assertion and forced the government to responded. This led to the creation of the civil rights act in 1964.
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