Science challenged spiritual beliefs because science says we weren't on the earth since it's beginning but spiritual beliefs do.
Answer: The Southern states wanted to count the entire slave population. That would increase their number of members of Congress. The Northern delegates and others opposed to slavery wanted to count only free people, including free blacks in the North and South.
Explanation:
The objective of the Dawes Act was to assimilate Native American Indians into mainstream US society by annihilating their cultural and social traditions. The land allotted to the Indians included desert or near-desert lands unsuitable for farming. In addition, the techniques of self-sufficient farming were much different from their tribal way of life. Many Indians did not want to take up agriculture, and those who did want to farm could not afford the tools, animals, seed, and other supplies necessary to get started. There were also problems with inheritance. Often young children inherited allotments that they could not farm because they had been sent away to boarding schools. Multiple heirs also caused a problem; when several people inherited an allotment, the size of the holdings became too small for efficient farming.