Question

Arrange the steps in the order that they occur during viral infection and replication.

Answer 1

Answer:

e. HIV envelope proteins bind to host cell receptor and coreceptor.

g. Host cell engulfs HIV particle, and enzymes remove viral protein coat.

a. Reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA complementary to viral RNA.

f. Double-stranded DNA is incorporated into host cell's DNA.

d. Viral genes are transcribed, and translation produces viral proteins.

b. Viral proteins assemble around viral RNA and reverse transcriptase.

c. New viruses acquire an envelope as they exit the host cell by exocytosis.

Explanation:

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus (genus Lentivirus) whose genetic material is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA. HIV is known to infect HIVcells of the human immune system such as, for example, macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells, etc., eventually leading to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Within host cells, the HIV genome is reverse transcribed into DNA by using a specific enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Then, this DNA is integrated into the genome of the host cell, replicating when the host cell replicates. Moreover, the integrated HIV genome can also be transcribed to produce RNA and proteins capable of infecting new cells.