Answer : a mountain or a hill that is being created on the Earth's crust when magma lands on the surface.
A volcano is also referred to as the vent that facilitates the transport of molten rock from deepest part of the Earth towards the its surface. The magma or the molten rock that erupts from the volcano is called lava. Lava is responsible for the construction of the cone that surrounds the vent of the volcano. A volcano that erupts magma turned to lava is called and active volcano while the volcano that has not erupted for quite some time is called dormant volcano.
The correct answer is - C. the San Andreas fault.
San Francisco, as most of the western of California, is lying in close proximity to the San Andreas fault. This fault is a continental transform fault that is formed as a result of the transform boundary between the Pacific plate and the North American plate, with a small plate lying in between them. Because of the horizontal movement of the plates and the pressure they cause to one another, there's constant adjustments inside the crust, and that contributes to lot of earthquakes in the region. One of those earthquakes was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906, a very strong and devastating earthquake, often considered as the worst earthquake in the history of the United States.
I'm pretty sure they are talking about the revolution of the moon orbiting the Earth. (Which is going counterclockwise) I'm not 100% sure though.