Using the word "sinew" suggests that there are many components of what make peace work, and it implies that we as people must know how to be peaceful by cooperating with each other.
Germany and austria hungary
Washington gives this as the Confederation's reaction based on the past government that hasn't been responsive to the people which are slow and has a different purpose. He was citing that this is from one point of view could be better than the present has to offer.
Washington was trying to let the Confederation see the possibilities that the new type of government that is being introduced would also experience problems before it can be finally settled. He also gave a further situation where he could not see the success of this, instead of a rebellion from the changes that would come.
The byzantine empire lost Rome. Rome was claimed by the byzantines in the 6th century and in the 6th century was given to the papacy as the major seat and capitol of the papal state