Most commonly they used literacy tests to disenfranchise African American voters. During that time, soon after the slaves were released, there were many riots and debates about whether or not to let Africans (only men were allowed to vote during that time, after much debate, riots, and other means of gaining notice, women gained the right to vote later on, in the 1900's) vote. So, since many states in teh north and the south disagreed with letting Africans vote, the individual states would ratify laws that made literacy tests, or many other blockades, to the Africans, stopping them from voting in many states. Eventually, those things were taken down, and the right to vote remained for men and women, or all races and colors, in the early 1900's.
None of them do lol. To many numerals in each thing.
