The Americanization Movement was a political and social movement in the early 1900s that sought to assimilate new American immigrants to American culture. The goal of these programs was to push new immigrants to adopt American beliefs, values, and culture as their own. In addition another major push was for new immigrants to study English which was the national language in the United States.
In the Presidential Election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln defeated all of the following men except "John Bell", since although Bell was indeed a politician he was not involved in this particular race.